CONTENTS
OF THE BOOK “SUCCESSFUL ROMA”
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1.
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Preface
Success has no ethnicity…
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2.
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THE APPROACH:
BEFORE WE MEET THE SUCCESSFUL ROMA
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2.1.
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Success and the successful Roma
in the context of social structure and quality of life
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2.1.1.
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Who are the successful ones?
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2.1.2.
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Categories of successful Roma. More than a terminological question
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2.1.3.
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The unique and the universal in success
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2.1.4.
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The inevitable precondition of the positive attitude
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2.2.
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Roma identity
in conditions of ethnic prejudices
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2.2.1.
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Identity and prejudices
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2.2.2.
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Roma identity. The Roma and the other ethnic groups
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2.2.3.
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Dimensions of rejection. We and Them images, before and now
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2.2.4.
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The Roma about the others
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2.3.
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Policies towards the Roma: phases and emphases
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2.3.1.
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The unique community or ethnic effacement?
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2.3.2.
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Political decisions on the integration of Gypsies
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2.3.3.
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Towards Roma participation and desegregation
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3.
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THE METHODOLOGY:
HOW WE STUDIED THE SUCCESSFUL ROMA...
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3.1.
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Qualitative research
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3.1.1.
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Ethno-geography of the sample
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3.1.2.
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Fieldwork: personal access
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3.1.3.
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Technology: cores of meanings and basic intervals of life trajectories
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3.1.4.
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Variants of identification and levels of explanation
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3.2.
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The life story method: its potential and limitations
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3.2.1.
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The uniquely individual and the generally valid
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3.2.2.
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Structured self-representations: the past as part of present-day success
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3.3.
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Quantitative study
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3.3.1.
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Typology-quota sample
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3.3.2.
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Responses and difficulties in fieldwork
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4.
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PROFILE1
SUCCESS for ROMA IN LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, PARTY AND NGO LEADERS
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4.1.
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Conditions of success
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4.1.1.
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The parents, the family: support for children and mastering the Bulgarian language
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4.1.2.
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Desegregated education, asymmetry of success, compensatory mechanisms
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4.1.3.
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Personal motivation: ambition, determination, devotion
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4.1.4.
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Appropriate work, colleagues, going abroad
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4.1.5.
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Party appointments, political lift
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4.2.
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Ethnic barriers to success
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4.2.1.
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The community, the neighbourhood, the ghetto: limited chance for influence coming from the successful ones
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4.2.2.
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Discrimination: the ethnic includes the racial
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4.2.3.
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Success under conditions of discrimination: double effort and “ethno-extras”
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4.2.4.
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Policies on ethnic minorities at state level and NGO level
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4.3.
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The formula of success
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4.3.1.
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Summing up: the cost?
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4.3.2.
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The reverse image: the unsuccessful
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4.3.3.
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Better quality of life, higher cultural status
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5.
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PROFILE 2
SUCCESS for ROMA INTELLECTUALS
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5.1.
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Roma intellectuals
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5.1.1.
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Who are the Roma intellectuals?
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5.1.2.
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Aspects of research. Conceptualization
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5.2.
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Roma students
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5.2.1.
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Socialization: the family, the teachers
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5.2.2.
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Aspects of everyday life. Dimensions of the political
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5.2.3.
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Nature and dimensions of success
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5.3.
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Roma teachers
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5.3.1.
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Social formation
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5.3.2.
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Standard of living
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5.3.3.
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Social and cultural capital
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5.3.4.
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Success and satisfaction
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6.
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PROFILE 3
SUCCESS for ROMA POLITICIANS AND ADMINISTRATORS
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6.1.
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Origin of the category of Roma in politics and administration
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6.2.
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Ethnicity as a problem
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6.3.
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The education of the children
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6.4.
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“I” and the others
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6.5.
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Discrimination
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6.6.
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Successful and unsuccessful
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7.
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PROFILE 4
SUCCESS for ROMA IN BUSINESS
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7.1.
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A start in life
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7.2.
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The family and education of the businessman
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7.3.
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The professional path: “white” or “grey” business?
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7.4.
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Authority within and outside the community
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7.5.
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Dimensions of success and satisfaction
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8.
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PROFILE 5
SUCCESS for ROMA JOURNALISTS
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8.1.
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The school and the parents
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8.2.
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The professional path
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8.3.
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Ethnic affiliation and success
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8.4.
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Standard of living and community life
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8.5.
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Success and recognition
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8.6.
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About the Roma in the media
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8.7.
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Proving oneself and the burden of the community
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9.
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PROFILE 6
SUCCESS for ROMA MUSICIANS
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9.1.
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The role of the parents and specialized education
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9.2.
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Ethnic barriers
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9.3.
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Standard of living, social environment, social participation
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9.4.
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Success and recognition
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10.
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THE ETHNIC COMMUNITY REGARDING SUCCESS AND THE SUCCESSFUL
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10.1.
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The social and cultural capital of the community
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10.1.1.
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Cultural capital as a key to success
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10.1.2.
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Social capital and integration
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10.2.
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The community’s hierarchies
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10.2.1.
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The Roma on success: is the representation “distorted”?
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10.2.2.
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The feeling of being discriminated
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10.3.
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The community attitude towards the successful: mediators or strangers among their own?
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10.4.
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Poverty in the community and the individual’s success
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10.5.
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Between defensive helplessness and positive ambition
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10.5.1.
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The perception of the successful and the unsuccessful
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10.5.2.
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Positive ambition to improve one’s status
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11.
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EXPERTS ON THE SUCCESSFUL ROMA
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11.1.
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Opinions of Bulgarian experts
(Boyan Zahariev, Georgi Krystev, Rumyan Sechkov, Lilia Dimova, Aleksey Pamporov)
· What is decisive for a separate Roma to succeed?
· Success: according to society or according to the Roma ethnic group?
· Specific features of “Roma success”
· Succeeding according to the Roma sub-culture
· Prejudices regarding the success of Roma
· Discrimination on the road to success
· The ethnic community and the (non-)acceptance of the successful
· How Bulgarians look upon success among the Roma?
· How can the positive images of successful Roma become visible?
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11.2.
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What are the Rumanian successful Roma?
(Iuliana Precupetu, Ana Maria Preoteasa)
· Traditional, compact, and integrated Roma communities
· Less than 1%: Rumanian Roma with higher than secondary education
· Roma students: from integrated families
· Intellectuals hide their Roma identity
· Roma political parties: less known among the Roma
· The most popular Rumanian Roma leaders: Roma NGOs
· Positive discrimination as social innovation
· The successful Roma become integrated, but their tie to the community is broken
· The Roma prefer a Rumanian identity
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11.3.
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Positive discrimination and identity
(Sorin Cace, Gelu Duminica)
· The “new Roma elite” in Rumania: a result of “positive discrimination”
· Ethnic quotas for Roma students: experience and results
· The parents’ educational level: decisive for school participation
· The mother’s role for the success of the Roma in school is significant
· Roma identity as a resource for obtaining status and a profession
· The lack of institutional demand for individual success strategies
· Highly qualified Roma turn their backs to the community and break with it
· Once again, the Roma do not fit into the employment system
· Most graduates start with Roma NGOs
· The Roma cannot recognize their community’s mediators, political parties, and leaders
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11.4.
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Rumanian experts on the Rumanian “Roma elite”
(Reka Geambaşu, Adrian Nekulau)
· The State as a factor of emerging Roma “elite” in Romania
· Types of Roma “elite”: initiators, university educated and Roma NGO liders
· Difficulties of acceptance of Roma in the national elite
· Necessity of much more efforts of Roma
· Positive discrimination (affirmative actions) as a main factor of emerging successful Roma
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12.
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PROSPECTS
Success means surmounting the ethnos…
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13.
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SUPPLEMENTS
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13.1.
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Questionnaire for in-depth interview (qualitative study) with successful Roma
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13.2.
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Standardized interview (quantitative study) with one-dimensional distributions
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13.3.
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Questionnaires for Bulgarian and Rumanian experts
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13.4.
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Questionnaire for focus group discussions regarding the formula of success
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13.5.
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Indicators and responses regarding identity and success among the Roma according to ISSP and ESS (1995-2006)
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13.6.
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Statistical data on the Roma from the Population Census of National Statistics (2011)
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13.7.
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The respondents of the in-depth interviews: successful Roma
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13.8.
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The interviewers of the in-depth interviews
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13.9
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LITERATURE
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13.13.
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The authors
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13.10.
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Annotation in Bulgarian
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13.11.
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Annotation in English
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13.12.
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Contents in English
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